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Average Temperatures of the Coldest Month in the Eastern United States

Selected Biome Climatic Stations

#1 Tundra


Latitude
Longitude
Elevation
Station
State

Coldest Month

Warmest Month

Annual Precipitation
Proportion Precipitation Summer Half of Year
Average Temperature >0C Warmer Half of Year
Moisture Index= Precipitation/
(Precipitation+Holdridge Potential Evapotranspiration)
71.3o -156.8o 9 m Barrow AK -27.8 C 3.9 C 12.2 cm 72.9% 1.4 C 74.9%
64.5o -165.4o 4 m Nome AK -16.1 C 10.6 C 37.3 cm 72.1% 5.9 C 68.1%
58.8o -94.0o 35 m Churchill MB -27.4 C 12.1 C 40.2 cm 70.6% 5.9 C 70.0%
44.3o -71.3o 1908 m Mount Washington NH -15.6 C 9.0 C 251.3 cm 45.7% 5.0 C 94.5%
39.8o -105.8o 3448 m Berthoud Pass CO -11.5 C 10.2 C 82.3 cm 43.0% 5.4 C 83.7%


#2 Boreal Forest


Latitude
Longitude
Elevation
Station
State

Coldest Month

Warmest Month

Annual Precipitation
Proportion Precipitation Summer Half of Year
Average Temperature >0C Warmer Half of Year
Moisture Index= Precipitation/
(Precipitation+Holdridge Potential Evapotranspiration)
64.8o -147.9o 133 m Fairbanks AK -23.3 C 17.2 C 28.2 cm 70.3% 10.6 C 47.3%
62.5o -114.4o 205 m Yellowknife NWT -27.9 C 16.2 C 25.8 cm 66.5% 9.0 C 49.2%
53.7o -57.0o 14 m Cartwright NF -13.7 C 12.7 C 96.6 cm 48.4% 8.0 C 80.5%
51.3o -80.6o 10 m Moosonee ON -20.5 C 15.7 C 66.5 cm 64.4% 10.3 C 68.7%
48.0o -84.7o 287 m Wawa ON -17.6 C 15.8 C 74.8 cm 59.6% 10.9 C 70.0%
47.7o -90.4o 187 m Grand Marias MN -10.5 C 16.7 C 67.0 cm 71.7% 12.3 C 63.8%
47.6o -52.7o 132 m St.John's NF -5.1 C 15.5 C 142.3 cm 43.8% 11.1 C 80.4%
44.5o -72.8o 1204 m Mount Mansfield VT -12.6 C 14.8 C 177.9 cm 54.2% 10.2 C 85.6%
44.3o -71.3o 612 m Pinkham Notch NH -9.8 C 17.2 C 144.4 cm 50.1% 12.5 C 79.0%
35.6o -83.4o 2025 m Clingmans Dome TN -3.1 C 15.0 C 208.5 cm 46.9% 12.0 C 84.3%


#3 Rocky Mountain Evergreen Forests


Latitude
Longitude
Elevation
Station
State

Coldest Month

Warmest Month

Annual Precipitation
Proportion Precipitation Summer Half of Year
Average Temperature >0C Warmer Half of Year
Moisture Index= Precipitation/
(Precipitation+Holdridge Potential Evapotranspiration)
51.1o -114.0o 1084 m Calgary AB -10.0 C 16.4 C 42.1 cm 74.9% 11.8 C 53.5%
47.6o -117.5o 718 m Spokane WA -2.8 C 20.6 C 42.2 cm 34.9% 15.5 C 44.6%
44.6o -110.4o 2368 m Lake Yellowstone WY -13.0 C 12.5 C 51.8 cm 51.4% 7.3 C 70.8%
40.4o -105.5o 2293 m Estes Park CO -2.5 C 16.9 C 36.1 cm 71.9% 12.4 C 47.6%
40.3o -105.8o 2657 m Grand Lake CO -8.9 C 13.7 C 52.5 cm 53.6% 9.3 C 65.4%
37.2o -119.2o 2139 m Huntington Lake CA 1.4 C 15.8 C 93.7 cm 13.7% 12.0 C 69.0%


#4 Pacific Coast Temperate Rain Forest


Latitude
Longitude
Elevation
Station
State

Coldest Month

Warmest Month

Annual Precipitation
Proportion Precipitation Summer Half of Year
Average Temperature >0C Warmer Half of Year
Moisture Index= Precipitation/
(Precipitation+Holdridge Potential Evapotranspiration)
61.2o -150.0o 35 m Anchorage AK -9.4 C 14.4 C 40.1 cm 67.1% 9.8 C 57.2%
58.4o -134.6o 4 m Juneau AK -5.6 C 13.3 C 134.9 cm 55.7% 10.1 C 80.9%
57.1o -135.4o 5 m Sitka AK 1.2 C 13.9 C 218.6 cm 51.1% 11.1 C 84.1%
56.4o -134.7o 4 m Little Port Walter AK 0.3 C 13.0 C 573.0 cm 44.4% 10.2 C 94.0%
48.0o -124.4o 106 m Forks WA 4.2 C 16.5 C 302.6 cm 25.5% 13.8 C 83.8%
47.5o -122.3o 137 m Seattle WA 5.0 C 18.9 C 96.8 cm 28.1% 15.8 C 58.8%
46.2o -123.9o 2 m Astoria OR 5.5 C 15.9 C 168.6 cm 24.9% 13.8 C 73.3%
42.9o -122.1o 1974 m Crater Lake OR -3.6 C 12.7 C 167.5 cm 22.8% 8.5 C 86.9%
42.8o -124.5o 12 m Port Orford OR 8.1 C 15.8 C 186.4 cm 20.2% 14.2 C 73.2%
40.8o -124.2o 13 m Eureka CA 8.8 C 14.3 C 95.3 cm 16.3% 13.2 C 58.6%


#5 Lake Mixed Forest


Latitude
Longitude
Elevation
Station
State

Coldest Month

Warmest Month

Annual Precipitation
Proportion Precipitation Summer Half of Year
Average Temperature >0C Warmer Half of Year
Moisture Index= Precipitation/
(Precipitation+Holdridge Potential Evapotranspiration)
47.2o -88.5o 327 m Houghton MI -10.1 C 18.7 C 86.4 cm 51.1% 13.6 C 67.5%
46.9o -68.0o 190 m Caribou ME -12.8 C 18.9 C 93.2 cm 56.4% 13.5 C 69.2%
46.8o -92.2o 435 m Duluth MN -13.9 C 18.9 C 75.9 cm 69.2% 13.6 C 64.4%
46.7o -86.0o 190 m Grand Marias MI -7.6 C 17.7 C 75.8 cm 59.3% 13.7 C 63.8%
46.6o -80.8o 348 m Sudbury ON -13.5 C 18.9 C 86.1 cm 57.6% 13.5 C 67.6%
44.5o -81.4o 186 m Southampton ON -6.9 C 19.9 C 88.5 cm 47.1% 15.6 C 64.0%
44.5o -88.1o 208 m Green Bay WI -9.8 C 20.9 C 73.2 cm 64.2% 15.9 C 59.0%
44.5o -73.2o 101 m Burlington VT -8.9 C 21.7 C 87.6 cm 59.7% 16.2 C 62.6%
44.3o -85.4o 395 m Cadillac MI -8.4 C 19.2 C 80.9 cm 60.8% 14.4 C 64.0%
44.2o -86.3o 204 m Manistee MI -4.8 C 21.2 C 83.7 cm 58.7% 16.8 C 60.1%
43.8o -66.0o 43 m Yarmouth NS -3.0 C 16.5 C 127.7 cm 43.3% 13.1 C 74.5%
43.7o -70.3o 17 m Portland ME -6.1 C 20.6 C 112.8 cm 45.0% 15.5 C 69.0%
36.1o -81.8o 1615 m Grandfather Mountain NC -2.6 C 17.0 C 158.1 cm 56.0% 13.8 C 76.9%


#6 Temperate Deciduous Forest


Latitude
Longitude
Elevation
Station
State

Coldest Month

Warmest Month

Annual Precipitation
Proportion Precipitation Summer Half of Year
Average Temperature >0C Warmer Half of Year
Moisture Index= Precipitation/
(Precipitation+Holdridge Potential Evapotranspiration)
44.9o -93.2o 254 m Minneapolis MN -11.1 C 23.3 C 72.1 cm 68.7% 17.6 C 56.3%
42.9o -85.5o 215 m Grand Rapids MI -5.6 C 22.2 C 91.4 cm 57.2% 17.2 C 61.7%
42.0o -87.9o 205 m Chicago IL -6.1 C 22.8 C 90.9 cm 59.2% 18.3 C 59.4%
40.8o -73.9o 3 m New York NY 0.0 C 25.0 C 120.4 cm 50.6% 20.6 C 61.5%
39.6o -83.9o 295 m Xenia OH -2.8 C 22.7 C 100.5 cm 54.6% 18.7 C 60.2%
38.8o -90.4o 163 m St. Louis MO -1.7 C 26.7 C 95.5 cm 54.0% 21.8 C 54.6%
38.0o -84.6o 294 m Lexington KY -0.6 C 24.4 C 113.5 cm 51.2% 20.4 C 60.0%
36.5o -84.5o 438 m Oneida TN -0.1 C 22.8 C 138.4 cm 49.7% 18.9 C 66.1%
36.0o -83.9o 272 m Knoxville Univ Of Tn TN 2.8 C 25.4 C 122.8 cm 47.6% 21.8 C 58.2%
35.7o -83.5o 443 m Gatlinburg TN 1.5 C 22.6 C 141.5 cm 52.2% 19.1 C 65.6%
35.6o -82.5o 683 m Asheville NC 2.3 C 23.2 C 96.3 cm 51.4% 19.7 C 55.1%
35.1o -83.2o 1170 m Highlands NC 0.1 C 19.9 C 212.1 cm 49.7% 16.6 C 77.4%
33.7o -84.4o 308 m Atlanta GA 5.0 C 26.1 C 129.5 cm 45.3% 22.7 C 57.4%


#7 Coastal Plain Mixed Forest


Latitude
Longitude
Elevation
Station
State

Coldest Month

Warmest Month

Annual Precipitation
Proportion Precipitation Summer Half of Year
Average Temperature >0C Warmer Half of Year
Moisture Index= Precipitation/
(Precipitation+Holdridge Potential Evapotranspiration)
38.7o -78.2o 195 m Washington DC -0.6 C 24.4 C 102.1 cm 54.5% 19.7 C 58.7%
36.9o -76.2o 7 m Norfolk VA 3.9 C 25.6 C 113.8 cm 54.9% 21.9 C 56.1%
35.3o -75.6o 3 m Cape Hatteras NC 7.1 C 25.8 C 142.4 cm 52.4% 22.7 C 59.2%
35.1o -90.0o 81 m Memphis TN 4.4 C 28.3 C 132.3 cm 42.8% 24.0 C 57.1%
32.3o -88.8o 90 m Meridian MS 7.0 C 27.2 C 144.0 cm 41.2% 23.9 C 57.9%
32.1o -81.2o 14 m Savannah GA 9.4 C 27.8 C 125.2 cm 61.9% 24.8 C 52.6%
30.7o -88.3o 64 m Mobile AL 10.0 C 27.8 C 162.6 cm 52.2% 25.3 C 58.3%
30.0o -90.3o 1 m New Orleans LA 10.6 C 27.8 C 157.5 cm 50.5% 25.4 C 57.1%
29.7o -85.0o 5 m Apalachicola FL 11.2 C 27.4 C 139.5 cm 60.1% 25.3 C 54.2%
28.4o -81.3o 28 m Orlando FL 16.1 C 28.2 C 123.2 cm 70.0% 26.7 C 48.1%


#8 Mexican Montane Forests


Latitude
Longitude
Elevation
Station
State

Coldest Month

Warmest Month

Annual Precipitation
Proportion Precipitation Summer Half of Year
Average Temperature >0C Warmer Half of Year
Moisture Index= Precipitation/
(Precipitation+Holdridge Potential Evapotranspiration)
24.4o -104.3o 1960 m Francisco I. Madero MEXICO 11.3 C 22.9 C 53.2 cm 87.6% 20.9 C 34.1%
19.5o -96.9o 1389 m Jalapa MEXICO 14.6 C 20.8 C 151.2 cm 79.2% 19.8 C 58.4%
19.4o -99.0o 2234 m Mexico City MEXICO 12.9 C 18.7 C 62.4 cm 89.4% 17.2 C 39.8%
19.0o -98.2o 2166 m Puebla MEXICO 12.9 C 18.8 C 83.1 cm 90.5% 17.4 C 46.5%
17.1o -96.7o 1550 m Oaxaca MEXICO 18.0 C 23.1 C 63.9 cm 90.9% 21.3 C 34.6%
16.7o -92.6o 2276 m Sn. Cristobal Las Casas MEXICO 12.0 C 16.1 C 113.7 cm 88.5% 15.7 C 57.1%


#9 Tropical Rain Forest


Latitude
Longitude
Elevation
Station
State

Coldest Month

Warmest Month

Annual Precipitation
Proportion Precipitation Summer Half of Year
Average Temperature >0C Warmer Half of Year
Moisture Index= Precipitation/
(Precipitation+Holdridge Potential Evapotranspiration)
18.4o -66.0o 3 m San Juan PR 25.0 C 27.8 C 137.7 cm 60.9% 27.2 C 46.9%
10.0o -83.0o 5 m Puerto Limon COSTA RICA 24.3 C 26.1 C 351.8 cm 47.1% 25.8 C 70.2%
10.0o -84.2o 920 m Juan Santamaria COSTA RICA 21.3 C 23.1 C 191.9 cm 85.3% 22.3 C 59.6%
8.1o -80.9o 83 m Santiago PANAMA 25.9 C 28.0 C 253.5 cm 79.3% 26.8 C 61.8%
-1.5o -48.4o 24 m Belem BRAZIL 25.6 C 26.7 C 283.3 cm 66.3% 26.4 C 64.7%
-3.8o -73.2o 125 m Iquitos PERU 25.2 C 26.6 C 287.8 cm 57.5% 26.3 C 65.2%


#10 Temperate Grasslands


Latitude
Longitude
Elevation
Station
State

Coldest Month

Warmest Month

Annual Precipitation
Proportion Precipitation Summer Half of Year
Average Temperature >0C Warmer Half of Year
Moisture Index= Precipitation/
(Precipitation+Holdridge Potential Evapotranspiration)
52.2o -106.6o 501 m Saskatoon SK -17.8 C 18.6 C 35.8 cm 71.4% 13.1 C 47.0%
46.8o -100.8o 502 m Bismarck ND -12.8 C 21.7 C 39.4 cm 71.6% 15.6 C 44.5%
44.4o -98.2o 391 m Huron SD -10.6 C 23.3 C 47.5 cm 70.1% 17.6 C 46.0%
44.1o -103.1o 964 m Rapid City SD -5.6 C 22.2 C 42.4 cm 70.7% 16.7 C 44.0%
41.9o -103.6o 1202 m Scottsbluff NE -3.9 C 23.3 C 39.1 cm 68.2% 17.4 C 40.5%
41.5o -93.7o 286 m Des Moines IA -7.2 C 25.0 C 84.3 cm 67.2% 19.6 C 56.0%
39.8o -104.9o 1611 m Denver CO -1.1 C 23.3 C 39.1 cm 63.6% 17.6 C 39.3%
35.4o -97.6o 390 m Oklahoma City OK 2.2 C 27.8 C 78.5 cm 67.6% 23.2 C 46.3%
35.2o -101.7o 1092 m Amarillo TX 1.7 C 25.8 C 49.6 cm 78.7% 21.3 C 37.9%
29.5o -98.5o 242 m San Antonio TX 9.4 C 29.4 C 78.5 cm 62.5% 26.4 C 39.6%


#11 Tropical Savanna


Latitude
Longitude
Elevation
Station
State

Coldest Month

Warmest Month

Annual Precipitation
Proportion Precipitation Summer Half of Year
Average Temperature >0C Warmer Half of Year
Moisture Index= Precipitation/
(Precipitation+Holdridge Potential Evapotranspiration)
25.8o -80.3o 4 m Miami FL 19.4 C 28.3 C 142.0 cm 75.1% 27.2 C 49.6%
24.6o -81.8o 1 m Key West FL 21.0 C 29.2 C 100.6 cm 69.4% 28.1 C 40.1%
21.0o -89.6o 9 m Merida MEXICO 22.8 C 28.3 C 92.0 cm 80.7% 27.3 C 37.7%
19.1o -96.1o 16 m Veracruz MEXICO 21.3 C 28.0 C 167.7 cm 90.4% 27.4 C 53.0%
10.0o -84.8o 5 m Puntarenas COSTA RICA 26.5 C 28.7 C 162.7 cm 87.7% 27.6 C 50.3%


#12 Cold Desert


Latitude
Longitude
Elevation
Station
State

Coldest Month

Warmest Month

Annual Precipitation
Proportion Precipitation Summer Half of Year
Average Temperature >0C Warmer Half of Year
Moisture Index= Precipitation/
(Precipitation+Holdridge Potential Evapotranspiration)
46.3o -119.3o 114 m Richland WA 0.8 C 23.6 C 17.8 cm 30.9% 18.9 C 19.9%
44.1o -121.3o 1115 m Bend OR -0.1 C 17.4 C 29.7 cm 32.6% 13.4 C 38.8%
43.6o -116.2o 865 m Boise ID -1.7 C 23.3 C 34.0 cm 39.6% 18.1 C 34.7%
42.8o -108.7o 1637 m Lander WY -6.7 C 21.7 C 33.3 cm 55.7% 15.6 C 40.1%
40.8o -112.0o 1287 m Salt Lake City UT -2.2 C 25.6 C 40.9 cm 44.1% 19.3 C 37.8%
39.1o -108.6o 1478 m Grand Junction CO -3.3 C 26.1 C 20.3 cm 52.5% 20.3 C 22.3%
39.0o -114.2o 2080 m Great Basin Natl Prk NV -1.3 C 21.9 C 33.0 cm 52.2% 16.2 C 38.0%


#13 Hot Desert


Latitude
Longitude
Elevation
Station
State

Coldest Month

Warmest Month

Annual Precipitation
Proportion Precipitation Summer Half of Year
Average Temperature >0C Warmer Half of Year
Moisture Index= Precipitation/
(Precipitation+Holdridge Potential Evapotranspiration)
36.5o -116.9o -59 m Death Valley CA 10.4 C 38.2 C 5.8 cm 32.0% 32.8 C 3.9%
36.1o -115.2o 659 m Las Vegas NV 7.5 C 32.8 C 10.4 cm 41.9% 27.3 C 8.3%
33.4o -112.0o 338 m Phoenix AZ 12.2 C 34.4 C 19.8 cm 46.2% 29.8 C 12.9%
31.8o -106.4o 1194 m El Paso TX 6.0 C 27.9 C 22.3 cm 73.9% 24.1 C 17.9%
25.9o -100.2o 512 m Monterrey MEXICO 14.4 C 27.9 C 60.6 cm 78.4% 26.1 C 31.9%
23.1o -109.7o 450 m San Felipe MEXICO 16.9 C 27.7 C 42.5 cm 86.5% 26.0 C 24.3%


#14 Chaparral


Latitude
Longitude
Elevation
Station
State

Coldest Month

Warmest Month

Annual Precipitation
Proportion Precipitation Summer Half of Year
Average Temperature >0C Warmer Half of Year
Moisture Index= Precipitation/
(Precipitation+Holdridge Potential Evapotranspiration)
37.6o -122.4o 2 m San Francisco CA 9.4 C 18.3 C 50.5 cm 9.0% 16.8 C 37.9%
36.8o -119.7o 100 m Fresno CA 7.2 C 27.8 C 26.9 cm 10.4% 23.7 C 20.8%
36.7o -121.6o 25 m Salinas CA 10.7 C 17.7 C 35.6 cm 9.0% 16.5 C 29.8%
36.2o -120.7o 701 m Priest Valley CA 6.0 C 22.0 C 50.9 cm 9.8% 18.3 C 39.8%
33.9o -118.4o 30 m Los Angeles CA 14.4 C 23.9 C 37.3 cm 7.5% 21.9 C 25.1%
32.7o -117.2o 4 m San Diego CA 13.9 C 22.8 C 25.4 cm 10.0% 20.6 C 19.4%


Other Climates


Latitude
Longitude
Elevation
Station
State

Coldest Month

Warmest Month

Annual Precipitation
Proportion Precipitation Summer Half of Year
Average Temperature >0C Warmer Half of Year
Moisture Index= Precipitation/
(Precipitation+Holdridge Potential Evapotranspiration)
53.4o -6.2o 68 m Dublin IRELAND 5.0 C 15.2 C 74.2 cm 52.4% 13.0 C 56.7%
52.5o 13.4o 50 m Berlin GERMANY -0.9 C 18.5 C 58.0 cm 57.3% 15.0 C 52.4%
49.0o 2.4o 66 m Paris FRANCE 2.6 C 18.7 C 60.7 cm 55.0% 15.7 C 49.4%
37.9o 23.7o 28 m Athens GREECE 10.2 C 27.9 C 37.1 cm 27.1% 24.2 C 25.4%
35.7o 139.7o 5 m Tokyo JAPAN 3.6 C 26.1 C 152.2 cm 66.7% 21.3 C 64.1%
21.3o -157.9o 2 m Honolulu HI 22.8 C 27.2 C 55.9 cm 25.9% 26.7 C 27.4%
4.7o -74.1o 2547 m Bogota/Eldorado COLUMBIA 12.7 C 13.7 C 94.1 cm 48.7% 13.1 C 54.9%
-12.0o -77.1o 13 m Lima PERU 16.1 C 22.8 C 1.9 cm 22.8% 21.1 C 1.7%

All U.S. Stations are of 1961-1990 records (except Clingmans Dome, TN from GSMNP newspaper). The rest of the records are from various time periods (at least 20 to 100 years) up until 1980 or more recent. Most records may be accessed from:

World Climate: Weather rainfall and temperature data

Updated by Greg J. Schmidt, 1998-03-08